Many medical issues in animals manifest as behavioral changes (e.g., a cat avoiding the litter box due to a urinary tract infection). Conversely, chronic stress or anxiety can lead to physical illness. 2. Behavioral Categories
: Veterinary students are increasingly trained to recognize subtle species-specific behaviors—such as the "feline grimace scale"—to identify pain or distress that might otherwise go unnoticed.
Improving the lives of farm, zoo, and lab animals by meeting their psychological needs. 4. Career and Education Paths
Overview
Abnormal actions often caused by poor welfare, confinement, or trauma (e.g., stereotypic pacing). 3. Practical Applications in Veterinary Medicine Application Description Low-Stress Handling
Animal Behavior and Veterinary Science: Bridging the Gap Between Mind and Medicine