The central thesis of Williams’ work is that design is not subjective "art," but a functional practice governed by objective rules. The author distills complex design theory into four accessible principles: Contrast, Repetition, Alignment, and Proximity (often acronymized as CRAP).

Williams, R. (2014). The NonDesigner's Design Book. 4th ed. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press.

is a foundational guide for anyone without formal training who needs to create professional-looking layouts WordPress.com . It is most famous for introducing the acronym, which covers the four core principles of design High Point University The Core Principles: C.R.A.P.