Most MCUs (STM32, LPC, Kinetis) have a factory bootloader in ROM. Shorting specific pins (BOOT0, BOOT1, ISP) forces bootloader entry .
Multimeter the VCC pin on your chip while the programmer is connected to ensure it’s getting the expected voltage. 5. Driver & Firmware Mismatch
If you are designing a custom board, expose the RESET, BOOT0, and SWD pins on a 5-pin header. When the unlock tool inevitably fails, you will have the physical keys to regain control without desoldering the chip.
